Temporal Arteritis in Wilmington - Rheumatology Center of Delaware

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Temporal Arteritis: Understanding Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Temporal arteritis, also known as giant cell arteritis, is a condition that affects the Circulatory vessels, particularly the temporal artery. This condition primarily affects older adults and can lead to serious complications if not diagnosed and treated early. This article will provide an overview of the common symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment options for temporal arteritis, including the role of corticosteroid therapy.

What is Temporal Arteritis?

Temporal arteritis, also called temporal arteritis, also referred to as giant cell arteritis (GCA), is an inflammatory disease that affects the blood vessels, especially those in the head and neck region. The condition causes inflammation in the temporal artery, a major circulatory vessel that supplies blood to the head and neck. If left untreated, it can lead to complications such as vision loss or stroke.

What Causes Temporal Arteritis?

Temporal arteritis occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the blood vessels. The cause of this immune system malfunction remains unclear, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. This abnormal immune response leads to the formation of giant cells in the inflamed Circulatory vessels.

Diagnosing Temporal Arteritis

Diagnosis of temporal arteritis requires a combination of clinical evaluation, blood tests, and imaging techniques. Doctors will consider the patient’s symptoms, age, and overall health when making a diagnosis.

SIGNS/SYMPTOMS

Headache:
Often a severe, throbbing headache, typically located on one side of the head, near the temples.
Scalp Tenderness:
The scalp may feel sore to the touch, especially around the temples.
Vision Problems:
Blurred vision, double vision, or sudden vision loss in one eye can occur, potentially leading to permanent blindness if untreated.
Pain or Tenderness in the Temples:
Pain, swelling, or tenderness in the temples is a hallmark of the condition.
Jaw Pain:
Pain while chewing, especially when eating or talking, known as jaw claudication.
Fever:
Low-grade fever or flu-like symptoms, such as chills and fatigue, are common.
Fatigue and Weakness:
Generalized tiredness and weakness, particularly in the shoulders and hips (polymyalgia rheumatica is often associated with temporal arteritis).

LIVING WITH TEMPORAL ARTERITIS

Managing Medication:
Taking corticosteroids like prednisone is a daily routine to reduce inflammation, but the side effects, such as weight gain and mood swings, can be tough.
Handling Fatigue:
Chronic fatigue is a constant challenge. I have to pace myself throughout the day and take frequent naps to avoid exhaustion.
Dealing with Headaches:
The headaches can be debilitating. I keep track of when they start, and if they’re getting worse, I alert my doctor right away.
Maintaining Vision Health:
I’m constantly vigilant about changes in my vision. Any blurriness or double vision makes me worry, so I get my eyes checked regularly.
Adjusting to Diet Changes:
Corticosteroids have caused some weight gain, so I’m focusing on eating balanced meals and staying active to manage my weight and overall health.
Coping with Scalp Sensitivity:
The tenderness in my scalp makes it uncomfortable to brush my hair or wear certain hats, but I’ve learned to be gentle.
Dealing with Joint Pain:
I’ve developed aches in my shoulders and hips, and while exercise helps, I also rely on medications and stretching to manage it.

Treatment for Temporal Arteritis

The primary treatment for temporal arteritis is corticosteroid therapy. These medications help reduce inflammation in the blood vessels and prevent complications such as Loss of vision. The treatment must begin as soon as the condition is suspected to avoid irreversible damage.

Corticosteroid Treatment (Prednisone)

Corticosteroids like prednisone are the cornerstone of temporal arteritis treatment. Prednisone is usually given in high doses initially, with a gradual reduction over time. The goal is to control the inflammation while minimizing side effects from long-term steroid use.

Other Medications

In some cases, patients with temporal arteritis may be prescribed additional medications to help control inflammation or to address specific symptoms. Methotrexate and tocilizumab are examples of drugs that may be used alongside corticosteroids.

The Importance of Early Diagnosis

Early diagnosis and treatment of temporal arteritis are critical to preventing serious complications. As symptoms can often mimic other conditions, it is important to consult a healthcare provider immediately if you experience any of the hallmark symptoms, such as jaw pain, Muscular weakness, or vision problems.

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